This
List shall come into effect on
1 January 2007The
use of any
drug should be
limited to medically justified indications
SUBSTANCES
AND
METHODS PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES
(IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION)
PROHIBITED
SUBSTANCES
S1.
ANABOLIC AGENTS
Anabolic
agents
are prohibited.
1.
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS)
a.
Exogenous* AAS, including:
1-androstendiol
(5α-androst-1-ene-3β,17β-diol
);
1-androstendione (5α-androst-1-ene-3,17-dione);
bolandiol (19-norandrostenediol);
bolasterone;
boldenone; boldione (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione);
calusterone;
clostebol;
danazol (17α-ethynyl-17β-hydroxyandrost-4
eno[2,3-d]isoxazole);
dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (4-chloro-17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one);
desoxymethyltestosterone (17α-methyl-5α-androst-2-en-17β-ol);
drostanolone; ethylestrenol (19-nor-17α-pregn-4-en-17-ol);
fluoxymesterone; formebolone; furazabol (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-androstano[2,3-c]-furazan);
gestrinone; 4-hydroxytestosterone (4,17β-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one);
mestanolone; mesterolone; metenolone; methandienone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one);
methandriol; methasterone (2α,
17α-dimethyl-5α-androstane-3-one-17β-ol);
methyldienolone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestra-4,9-dien-3-one);
methyl-1-testosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-androst-1-en-3-one);
methylnortestosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestr-4-en-3-one);
methyltrienolone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one);
methyltestosterone; mibolerone; nandrolone; 19-norandrostenedione (estr-4-ene-3,17-dione);
norboletone;
norclostebol;
norethandrolone; oxabolone; oxandrolone; oxymesterone; oxymetholone;
prostanozol ([3,2-c]pyrazole-5α-etioallocholane-17β-tetrahydropyranol);
quinbolone; stanozolol; stenbolone; 1-testosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-3-one);
tetrahydrogestrinone (18a-homo-pregna-4,9,11-trien-17β-ol-3-one);
trenbolone and
other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar
biological effect(s).
b.
Endogenous** AAS:
androstenediol
(androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol);
androstenedione (androst-4-ene-3,17-dione);
dihydrotestosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one)
;prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA);
testosterone and
the
following metabolites and isomers: 5α-androstane-3α,17α-diol;
5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol;
5α-androstane-3β,17α-diol;
5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol;
androst-4-ene-3α,17α-diol;
androst-4-ene-3α,17β-diol;
androst-4-ene-3β,17α-diol;
androst-5-ene-3α,17α-diol;
androst-5-ene-3α,17β-diol;
androst-5-ene-3β,17α-diol; 4-androstenediol (androst-4-ene-3β,17β-diol);
5-androstenedione (androst-5-ene-3,17-dione);
epi-dihydrotestosterone;
3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one;
3β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one;
19-norandrosterone; 19-noretiocholanolone.
Where
an anabolic androgenic steroid is capable of being produced
endogenously, a Sample will be deemed to contain
such Prohibited
Substance where the concentration
of such Prohibited Substance or its metabolites or
markers and/or any
other relevant ratio(s) in the Athlete’s Sample
so
deviates from the range of values normally found in humans that it is
unlikely to be consistent with normal endogenous production.
A Sample
shall not be
deemed to contain a Prohibited
Substance in any such case where an Athlete proves
that
the concentration of the Prohibited Substance or
its
metabolites or markers and/or the relevant ratio(s) in the Athlete’s
Sample is attributable to a physiological or
pathological
condition.
In
all cases, and at any concentration, the Athlete’s
sample
will be deemed to contain a Prohibited Substance and
the
laboratory will report an Adverse Analytical Finding if,
based
on any reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS), the laboratory can
show that the Prohibited Substance is of exogenous
origin. In
such case, no further investigation is necessary.
If
a value in the range of levels normally found in humans is reported
and the reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS) has not determined the
exogenous origin of the substance, but if there are indications, such
as a comparison to endogenous reference steroid profiles, of a
possible Use of a Prohibited Substance, further
investigation shall be conducted by the relevant Anti-Doping
Organization by reviewing the results of any previous
test(s) or
by conducting subsequent test(s), in order to determine whether the
result is due to a physiological or pathological condition, or has
occurred as a consequence of the exogenous origin of a Prohibited
Substance.
When
a laboratory has reported a T/E ratio greater than four (4) to one
(1) and any reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS) applied has not
determined the exogenous origin of the substance, further
investigation may be conducted by a review of previous tests or by
conducting subsequent test(s), in order to determine whether the
result is due to a physiological or pathological condition, or has
occurred as a consequence of the exogenous origin of a Prohibited
Substance.
If
a laboratory reports, using an additional reliable analytical method
(e.g. IRMS), that the Prohibited Substance is of
exogenous
origin, no further investigation is necessary and the Sample will
be deemed to contain such Prohibited Substance.
When
an additional reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS) has not been
applied and a minimum of three previous test results are not
available, a longitudinal profile of the Athlete shall
be
established by performing a minimum of three no advance notice tests
in a period of three months by the relevant Anti-Doping
Organization. If the longitudinal profile of the Athlete
established
by the subsequent tests is not
physiologically
normal, the result shall be reported as an Adverse Analytical
Finding.
In
extremely rare individual cases, boldenone of endogenous origin can
be consistently found at very low nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL)
levels in urine.
When
such a very low concentration of boldenone is reported by a
laboratory and the application of any reliable analytical method
(e.g. IRMS) has not determined the exogenous origin of the substance,
further investigation may be conducted by subsequent tests.
When
an additional reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS) has not been
applied, a longitudinal profile of the athlete shall be established
by performing a minimum of three no advance notice tests in a period
of three months by the relevant Anti-Doping Organization.
If
the longitudinal profile of the Athlete established
by the
subsequent tests is not physiologically normal, the result shall be
reported as an Adverse Analytical Finding.
For
19-norandrosterone, an Adverse Analytical Finding reported
by
a laboratory is considered to be scientific and valid proof of
exogenous origin of the Prohibited Substance. In
such case, no
further investigation is necessary.
Should
an Athlete fail to cooperate in the
investigations, the Athlete’s Sample
shall be deemed to
contain a Prohibited Substance.
2.
Other Anabolic Agents, including but not limited to:
Clenbuterol,
tibolone, zeranol, zilpaterol.
For
purposes of this section:
* “exogenous”
refers to a substance which is not
ordinarily
capable of being produced by the body naturally.
** “endogenous”
refers to a substance which is
capable of being
produced by the body naturally.
S2.
HORMONES AND RELATED SUBSTANCES
The
following substances, including other substances with a similar
chemical structure or similar biological effect(s), and their
releasing factors, are prohibited:
1.
Erythropoietin (EPO);
2.
Growth Hormone (hGH), Insulin-like Growth Factors (e.g. IGF-1),
Mechano Growth Factors (MGFs);
3.
Gonadotrophins (LH, hCG), prohibited in males only;
4.
Insulin;
5.
Corticotrophins.
Unless
the Athlete can demonstrate that the concentration
was due to
a physiological or pathological condition, a Sample will
be
deemed to contain a Prohibited Substance (as
listed above)
where the concentration of the Prohibited Substance or
its
metabolites and/or relevant ratios or markers in the Athlete’s
Sample so exceeds the range of values
normally found in humans
that it is unlikely to be consistent with normal endogenous
production.
If
a laboratory reports, using a reliable analytical method, that the Prohibited
Substance is of exogenous origin,
the Sample will be deemed to contain a Prohibited
Substance and shall
be reported as an Adverse Analytical Finding.
The
presence of other substances with a similar chemical structure or
similar biological effect(s), diagnostic marker(s) or releasing
factors of a hormone listed above or of any other finding which
indicate(s) that the substance detected is of exogenous origin, will
be deemed to reflect the use of a Prohibited Substance and
shall be reported as an Adverse Analytical Finding.
S3.
BETA-2 AGONISTS
All
beta-2 agonists including their D- and L-isomers are prohibited. As
an exception, formoterol, salbutamol, salmeterol and terbutaline when
administered by inhalation, require an abbreviated Therapeutic Use
Exemption. Despite the granting of any form of Therapeutic Use
Exemption, a concentration of salbutamol (free plus glucuronide)
greater than 1000 ng/mL will be considered an Adverse
Analytical
Finding unless the Athlete proves that
the abnormal
result
was the consequence of the therapeutic use of inhaled salbutamol.
S4.
AGENTS WITH ANTI-ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY
The
following classes of anti-estrogenic substances are prohibited:
1.
Aromatase inhibitors including, but not limited to, anastrozole,
letrozole, aminoglutethimide, exemestane, formestane, testolactone.
2.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) including, but not
limited to, raloxifene, tamoxifen, toremifene.
3.
Other anti-estrogenic substances including, but not limited to,
clomiphene, cyclofenil, fulvestrant.
S5.
DIURETICS AND OTHER MASKING AGENTS
Masking
agents are prohibited. They include: Diuretics*,
epitestosterone,
probenecid, alpha-reductase inhibitors (e.g. finasteride,
dutasteride), plasma expanders (e.g. albumin,
dextran,
hydroxyethyl starch) and other substances with similar
biological
effect(s).
Diuretics
include:
acetazolamide,
amiloride, bumetanide, canrenone, chlorthalidone, etacrynic acid,
furosemide, indapamide, metolazone, spironolactone, thiazides (e.g.
bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide,
hydrochlorothiazide),
triamterene, and other substances with a similar chemical
structure or similar biological effect(s) (except for drosperinone,
which is not prohibited).
A
Therapeutic Use Exemption is not valid if an Athlete’s
urine
contains a diuretic in association with threshold or sub-threshold
levels of a Prohibited Substance(s).
PROHIBITED
METHODS
M1.
ENHANCEMENT OF OXYGEN TRANSFER
The
following are prohibited:
1.
Blood doping, including the use of autologous, homologous or
heterologous blood or red blood cell products of any origin.
2.
Artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery of oxygen,
including but not limited to perfluorochemicals, efaproxiral (RSR13)
and modified haemoglobin products (e.g. haemoglobin-based blood
substitutes, microencapsulated haemoglobin products).
M2.
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL MANIPULATION
1. Tampering,
or
attempting to tamper, in
order
to alter the
integrity and validity of Samples collected during
Doping
Controls is prohibited. These include but are not limited to
catheterisation, urine substitution and/or alteration.
2.
Intravenous infusions are prohibited, except as a legitimate medical
treatment.
M3.
GENE DOPING
The
non-therapeutic use of cells, genes, genetic elements, or of the
modulation of gene expression, having the capacity to enhance
athletic performance, is prohibited.
SUBSTANCES
AND METHODS PROHIBITED IN-COMPETITION
In
addition to the categories S1 to S5 and M1 to M3 defined above, the
following categories are prohibited in competition:
PROHIBITED
SUBSTANCES
S6.
STIMULANTS
All
stimulants (including both their (D- & L-) optical isomers
where
relevant) are prohibited, except imidazole derivatives for topical
use and those stimulants included in the 2007 Monitoring Program*.
Stimulants
include:
Adrafinil,
adrenaline**, amfepramone, amiphenazole, amphetamine, amphetaminil,
benzphetamine, benzylpiperazine, bromantan, cathine***, clobenzorex,
cocaine, cropropamide, crotetamide, cyclazodone, dimethylamphetamine,
ephedrine****, etamivan, etilamphetamine,
etilefrine,
famprofazone, fenbutrazate, fencamfamin, fencamine, fenetylline,
fenfluramine, fenproporex, furfenorex, heptaminol, isometheptene,
levmethamfetamine, meclofenoxate, mefenorex, mephentermine, mesocarb,
methamphetamine (D-), methylenedioxyamphetamine,
methylenedioxymethamphetamine, pmethylamphetamine,
methylephedrine****, methylphenidate, modafinil,
nikethamide,
norfenefrine, norfenfluramine, octopamine, ortetamine, oxilofrine,
parahydroxyamphetamine, pemoline, pentetrazol, phendimetrazine,
phenmetrazine, phenpromethamine, phentermine, 4- phenylpiracetam
(carphedon), prolintane, propylhexedrine, selegiline, sibutramine,
strychnine, tuaminoheptane and
other
substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological
effect(s).
*
The following substances included in the 2007 Monitoring Program
(bupropion, caffeine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pipradol,
pseudoephedrine, synephrine) are not considered as Prohibited
Substances.
**
Adrenaline associated with local anaesthetic agents or by local
administration (e.g. nasal, ophthalmologic) is not prohibited.
*** Cathine
is
prohibited when its
concentration
in urine is
greater than 5 micrograms per milliliter.
****
Each of ephedrine and methylephedrine is
prohibited
when its concentration in urine is greater than 10 micrograms per
milliliter.
A
stimulant not expressly mentioned as an example under this section
should be considered as a Specified Substance only if the Athlete
can
establish that the substance is particularly
susceptible to
unintentional anti-doping rule violations because of its general
availability in medicinal products or is less likely to be
successfully abused as a doping agent.
S7.
NARCOTICS
The
following narcotics are prohibited:
buprenorphine,
dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), fentanyl and its derivatives,
hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone,
pentazocine, pethidine.
S8.
CANNABINOIDS
Cannabinoids
(e.g. hashish, marijuana) are prohibited.
S9.
GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS
All
glucocorticosteroids are prohibited when administered orally,
rectally, intravenously or intramuscularly. Their use requires a
Therapeutic Use Exemption approval.
Other
routes of administration (intraarticular /periarticular/
peritendinous/epidural/ intradermal injections and inhalation)
require an Abbreviated Therapeutic Use Exemption except as noted
below.
Topical
preparations when used for dermatological (including
iontophoresis/phonophoresis), auricular, nasal, ophthalmic, buccal,
gingival and perianal disorders are not prohibited and do not require
any form of Therapeutic Use Exemption.
SUBSTANCES
PROHIBITED IN PARTICULAR SPORTS
P1.
ALCOHOL
Alcohol
(ethanol) is prohibited in-competition only, in
the following
sports. Detection will be conducted by analysis of breath and/or
blood. The doping violation threshold (haematological values) for
each Federation is reported in parenthesis.
•
Aeronautic (FAI) (0.20 g/L)
•
Archery (FITA, IPC) (0.10 g/L)
•
Automobile (FIA) (0.10 g/L)
•
Boules (CMSB, IPC bowls) (0.10 g/L)
•
Karate (WKF) (0.10 g/L)
•
Modern Pentathlon (UIPM) (0.10 g/L) for disciplines involving
shooting
•
Motorcycling (FIM) (0.10 g/L)
•
Powerboating (UIM) (0.30 g/L)
P2.
BETA-BLOCKERS
Unless
otherwise specified, beta-blockers are prohibited in-competition
only,
in the following sports.
•
Aeronautic (FAI)
•
Archery (FITA, IPC) (also prohibited out-of-competition)
•
Automobile (FIA)
•
Billiards (WCBS)
•
Bobsleigh (FIBT)
•
Boules (CMSB, IPC bowls)
•
Bridge (FMB)
•
Curling (WCF)
•
Gymnastics (FIG)
•
Motorcycling (FIM)
•
Modern Pentathlon (UIPM) for disciplines involving shooting
•
Nine-pin bowling (FIQ)
•
Sailing (ISAF) for match race helms only
•
Shooting (ISSF, IPC) (also prohibited out-of-competition)
•
Skiing/Snowboarding (FIS) in ski jumping, freestyle aerials/halfpipe
and snowboard halfpipe/big air
•
Wrestling (FILA)
Beta-blockers
include, but are not limited to, the following:acebutolol,
alprenolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, bunolol, carteolol,
carvedilol, celiprolol, esmolol, labetalol, levobunolol,
metipranolol, metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, propranolol,
sotalol, timolol.
SPECIFIED
SUBSTANCES*
“Specified
Substances”* are listed below:
•
All inhaled Beta-2 Agonists, except salbutamol (free plus
glucuronide) greater than 1000 ng/mL and clenbuterol;
•
Probenecid;
•
Cathine, cropropamide, crotetamide, ephedrine, etamivan,
famprofazone, heptaminol, isometheptene, levmethamfetamine,
meclofenoxate, p-methylamphetamine, methylephedrine, nikethamide,
norfenefrine, octopamine, ortetamine, oxilofrine, phenpromethamine,
propylhexedrine, selegiline, sibutramine, tuaminoheptane, and any
other stimulant not expressly listed
under section S6 for which the Athlete establishes that it fulfils
the conditions described in section S6;
•
Cannabinoids;
•
All Glucocorticosteroids;
•
Alcohol;
•
All Beta Blockers.*
“The
Prohibited List may identify specified
substances which are
particularly susceptible to unintentional anti-doping rule violations
because of their general availability in medicinal products or which
are less likely to be successfully abused as doping agents.” A
doping violation involving such substances may result in a reduced
sanction provided that the “…Athlete can
establish that the
Use of such a specified substance was not intended to enhance sport
performance…”