SPORTS
CARDIOLOGY
SUPERVISED
EXERCISE AND
MODIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS:
A THERAPEUTIC WINDOW IN
CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES
Angelides NS
Cyprus
It is estimated that about 25
– 40 % of the physical performance may be depending on
genetic preconditions, whereas the other part is influenced by
environmental factors. If interindividual variations in DNA-sequence or
diagnostic loci can be identified, they will inform us about the
mechanism that regulate a phenotype, also with respect to a variability
in physical performance phenotypes. A lot of studies indicate, that
there is a certain number of genes which are responsible for
differences in the athletic performance capacity, but in the same way
for the normal functioning of metabolic pathways and processes which
are necessary for a healthy state of an organism. Therefore one can
foresee that the use of genetic tests can help to predict performance
but on the other hand, such genetic information could also be used to
influence life stile habits. There are some DNA-variants that are more
or less associated with human performance as ACTN 3, others which are
more interrelated to both performance abilities and health aspects or
even diseases. For example one of the variants of the apolipoprotein E
was shown to be associated with differences in lipid profile, but also
with a neurologic disease. A polymorphism in a gene encoding the human
bradykinin receptor B 2 is associated with mechanical efficiency during
cycling but also with exercise induced cardiac hypertrophy. The ACE
polymorphism was shown to be probably responsible for endurance or
strength performance, but on the other hand also for developing of
pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Another example may be found in the
PPARG co-activator 1 α polymorphism which - as a
mitochondrial biogenesis factor - may play a role in the lipid and
carbohydrate metabolism in way of enhancing endurance performance, but
on the other hand with the ability of keeping a weight maintenance or a
lower incidence of developing diabetes type II. With some of these
examples shown in the presentation it is tried to give a better
understanding of the role of some of the polymorphisms interrelating
with top athletic performance and the primary and secondary prevention.
|
