CHRONIC
DISEASE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
THE
EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE
IN THE PREVENTION AND
TREATMENT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME Vasilescu
Mirela1,
Ionescu Anca Mirela2, Rusu Ligia1,
Oravitan Mihaela3, Adela Apostol2
1University
of Craiova,
2UMF
Carol Davila Bucharest,
3West
University of Timisoara, Romania
Metabolic
syndrome is
characterized by the presence of obesity, hypertension, insulin
resistance, glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia. Lack of physical
exercise and excess caloric intake lead to an imbalance between free
fatty acid uptake, lipid storage, and fatty acid oxidation resulting in
a progressive intramuscular accumulation of both lipids and fatty acid
metabolites, which could cause abnormal insulin signaling, leading to
skeletal muscle insulin resistance. This excess lipid
deposits are prone to enhanced lipid peroxidation, which could also
lead to the development and/or progression of skeletal muscle insulin
resistance by increasing tumor necrosis factor - and/or by inducing
mitochondrial damage.
The most efficacious treatments and the
only effective approaches to preventing the metabolic syndrome are
aimed at the underlying risk factors of obesity, physical inactivity,
and atherogenic diet. The researches of the last years have implied the
necessity of association in the management of metabolic syndrom, the
reduction of body weight with the systematic appliance of physical
exercise programs. The most important effects of physical
exercise on the metabolic syndromes different manifestations are:
improvement of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and
insulin resistance, depletion of both intramuscular lipids and glycogen
content, an improvement of the endothelial function by preserving
nitric oxide availability, an reduction of the peripheral
markers of inflammation etc.
KEY WORDS: metabolic
syndrome, management, physical exercise programs.
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